Characterization of refuse landfill leachates of three different stages in landfill stabilization process

hate would formed into middle molecular weight substances during the degradation process.     

鸟粪石分析与表征技术综述

对X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT—IR）和拉曼光谱（Ralnan）、热分析（TGA）及化学分析法等技术用于分析和表征鸟粪石的最新研究进展进行了综述。表明X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱和拉曼光谱等能定性判断所得沉淀中是否含有鸟粪石,而难以定量分析鸟粪石含量。通过元素分析以及由此而建立的鸟粪石含量计算方法可以定量确定沉淀中鸟粪石的含量。热分析能提供热性能信息从而为所得沉淀的干燥处理过程提供有用的依据。     

2株球形棕囊藻溶藻细菌的分离及鉴定

从珠海赤潮海水中分离出2株溶藻细菌Y01和Y04,对球形棕囊藻均有显著的溶藻效果.结果表明,溶藻细菌Y01和Y04均为革兰氏阳性菌,对球形棕囊藻的溶解作用时间为6 d.借助显微镜及扫描电镜等观察Y01和Y04溶藻过程,发现2株溶藻细菌的溶藻方式均为直接裂解藻细胞.溶藻细菌Y01和Y04的16S rDNA系列分析表明,溶...     

淀粉/凹凸棒粘土复合吸附絮凝材料的研究

采用接枝聚合法在硅烷化凹凸棒粘土(OATP)表面接枝淀粉,制备淀粉/凹凸棒粘土(ATP)复合吸附絮凝材料.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对淀粉/ATP进行了表征,并对其制备条件进行了优化.结果表明,当淀粉质量分数(相对OATP质量)为100%,聚合反应时间为3 h,引发剂质量分数为0.003%,反应温度为60℃时,制备的淀粉/ATP对镉离子的最大吸附容量可达到36.78 mg/g.与ATP、OATP相比,淀粉/ATP对镉离子的吸附容量增大了2倍以上.复合材料具有比OATP更强的捕获能力,所形成的絮凝体大而密实,比淀粉絮凝剂具有更好的沉降性能.     

Production,engine performance,combustion, emission characteristics and economic feasibility of biodiesel from waste cooking oil: A review

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing demands for diesel are considered to be important triggers for many of the initiatives that have been taken to search for possible sources for the production of biodiesel from materials available within the country. It is possible to produce biodiesel from waste/used cooking oils (WCO) that is comparable in quality to that of fresh vegetable oil. Not only does reuse of WCO, which can otherwise harm human health, reduce the burden on the government of treating oily wastewater, disposing of the waste, and maintaining public sewers, it also significantly lowers the production cost of biodiesel. In the process of frying, oil undergoes many reactions, leading to the formation of a number of undesirable compounds, such as polymers, free fatty acids, and many other chemicals. This poses challenges in the transesterification of WCO. This article covers different techniques in the production of biodiesel from WCO. It also compares combustion, emissions, and engine performance characteristics of biodiesel from WCO as well as factors affecting biodiesel production from WCO and its economic feasibility.     

新型低温CuO/AC脱硫剂制备——煅烧温度对脱硫活性的影响

首次将炭载型ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ用于烟气脱硫,在最经济的烟气脱硫温度窗口（１２０～２５０℃）显示出高的脱硫活性．考查了煅烧温度和煅烧后脱硫剂的预氧化对脱硫活性的影响,并对脱硫剂进行了ＴＰＤ和ＥＸＡＦＳ表征．结果表明：经２５０℃煅烧的ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ脱硫剂具有最高的脱硫活性．２００℃煅烧,前驱体Ｃｕ（ＮＯ₃）₂未完全分解;高于２５０℃煅烧,活性组分ＣｕＯ被载体Ｃ部分还原为金属Ｃｕ 微晶,从而发生烧结、聚集,以上均导致脱硫剂活性的下降．尽管不同温度煅烧的ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ表现出大的脱硫活性差异,但吸硫后均生成同一反应产物ＣｕＳＯ₄．２５０℃煅烧的ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ脱硫剂Ｃｕ 以ＣｕＯ和Ｃｕ₂Ｏ形态存在,其中的Ｃｕ₂Ｏ在２００℃很容易氧化成ＣｕＯ     

阳(阴)离子复配修饰两性磁性膨润土的表面特征差异及对苯酚吸附的影响

以膨润土(BT)为基质,采用共沉淀法制备负载Fe3O4的磁性膨润土(MBT),在两性表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)修饰(BS-MBT)的基础上,以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)/阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为复配修饰剂,通过湿法分别制备2种两性复配修饰磁性膨润土(BS-CT-MBT/BS-SDS-MBT),采用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、热重、红外光谱对样品进行表征,测定磁性、比表面积和孔容等性质,通过批处理实验法对比两性复配修饰磁性膨润土对苯酚的吸附.结果表明,两性复配修饰膨润土具有良好的磁分离性能.与BS-MBT相比,BS-CT-MBT的C、N质量分数增大,复配修饰剂质量分数增加,孔容和比表面积减小,BS-SDS-MBT的C、N质量分数减小,复配修饰剂质量分数减少,孔容减小,比表面积增大.在pH 6.0的0.1 mol·L~(-1)Na Cl溶液中各修饰剂的解吸率低于9%.各土样对苯酚的等温吸附数据符合Henry模型,以分配吸附为主,吸附量顺序为BS-CT-MBTBS-MBTBS-SDS-MBTBTMBT,修饰剂质量分数是影响苯酚吸附的决定性因素,CTMAB提升土样吸附苯酚能力的效果高于SDS.     

黏结剂对污泥基颗粒炭性能的影响

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,可溶淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、硅酸钠和硫酸钙为黏结剂,采用两步炭化法制备污泥基颗粒炭,探讨了黏结剂种类对样品性能的影响.结果显示:可溶淀粉样品(SSGAC-T)具有最大的比表面积和孔容,SSGAC-T、羧甲基纤维素样品(SSGAC-C)和硅酸钠样品(SSGAC-Si)含有丰富的微孔和中孔,硫酸钙样品(SSGAC-S)为典型的中孔吸附剂;样品的抗压强度均随浸泡时间的延长而降低,但SSGAC-S的抗压强度下降程度最小;4种黏结剂都使样品表面生成新的官能团,且样品的表面均呈酸性,它们的pHPZC分别为6.37、6.16、5.85和5.53;相同条件下,SSGAC-S对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量最高,为71.94mg/g;根据对污泥炭的表征,初步推测硅酸钠和硫酸钙能与碳发生化学反应.     

一株高效异养硝化菌的分离、鉴定及其氨氮去除特性

以丁二酸钠为唯一C源,从垃圾渗滤液活性污泥中富集、分离及筛选出一株高效的异养硝化菌,通过形态观察、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,对分离菌株进行了鉴定,同时对其硝化功能和氨氮去除特性进行了研究.结果表明,分离到的异养硝化菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),命名为XS76,其GenBank登录号为(JQ934897).该菌经过24h培养,有约60%的氨氮转化为胞内氮,35%左右的氨氮被去除,仅有少量硝酸盐氮的积累,没有羟胺和亚硝酸盐氮的积累.碳源、有机氮源、C/N比、温度等因素均对氨氮去除有较大的影响,在接种量为4%、丁二酸钠为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源、C/N 15、转速180~200r/min、pH 6~9及温度为34℃,氨氮负荷为420 mg/L时处理效果最佳, 96 h氨氮去除率可达99.20%.显示了高效的氨氮去除效果,具有潜在的实际废水应用价值.     

Synthesis,structural elucidation,electro-chemical behaviour and fungitoxic activity of transition metal(II) mixed-ligand complexes with some Schiff bases

The Schiff bases, potassium salt of salicylidene-β-alanine [KHL], bis(benzylidene)ethylenediamine [SB¹] and thiophene-o-carboxaldene-p-toluidine [SB²], and mixed-ligand complexes with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have been prepared. They were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurements, thermogravimetric analyses (t.g.a.), infrared spectra and electronic spectra. The mixed-ligand complexes were found to have the general composition [M(L)(SB)(H₂O)]. All the mixed-ligand complexes were found to have six-coordinated octahedral geometry. The fungitoxic activity of the ligands, metal salts, control (DMSO), bavistin, emcarb, and mixed-ligand complexes were screened against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus. All the mixed-ligand complexes show higher fungitoxic activity as compared to the Schiff bases, metal nitrate and control (dimethyl sulphoxide, DMSO), and moderate fungitoxic activity as compared to the fungicides (bavistin and emcarb).